溪荪新品种‘芭蕾女’

 ‘芭蕾女’是从溪荪（Iris sanguinea）田间自然杂交实生后代中选育出的新品种。2年生植株盛花期株高60 cm 左右，冠幅近52 cm，每株丛花葶数18 ~ 25，单葶花2 ~ 3朵。花形独特优美，盛开时外花被平展，内花被垂直向上，花色为蓝紫色，花径约9 cm，连续花期 20 d 左右。可在哈尔滨地区露地越冬，适宜推广应用到北方地区栽培。     

溪荪新品种‘婷蝶’

 ‘婷蝶’是从溪荪（Iris sanguinea Donn ex Horn.）实生后代中选育出的切花新品种。2年生花期株高127 cm，冠幅55 ~ 65 cm，花葶粗壮而整齐，高109 ~ 114 cm，粗0.48 cm。每株丛花葶数25 ~ 30，单葶花朵2 ~ 3朵，花径11 cm。花期5—6月，连续花期22 d左右，在中国北方地区可露地越冬。     

四种鸢尾属植物种子休眠和萌发研究

燕子花(Iris laeviga ta)、玉蝉花(Iris ensa ta)、溪荪(Iris sanguinea)、黄菖蒲(Iris pseudacorus)是鸢尾科4种喜水湿植物。经萌发实验证明,除溪荪种子没有休眠外,其它3种种子都有休眠。经去除种皮、低温沙藏、赤霉素处理和胚培养4种处理,证明燕子花、玉蝉花、黄菖蒲中抑制种子萌发的主要因素是胚乳。不同种打破休眠的有效方法不同,其中50 mg/L GA3处理可提高黄菖蒲种子的发芽率,达到84.4%,而低温沙藏30 d可使玉蝉花种子的发芽率达到94.4%,低温沙藏90 d则可提高燕子花的发芽率达到87.8%。     

The effect of β‐1,3‐glucan derived from Euglena gracilis (Algamune™) on the innate immunological responses of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.)

Algamune^? is a commercial additive produced from Euglena gracilis, providing a rich source of the β‐1,3‐glucan paramylon. Isolated kidney phagocytes of Nile tilapia were incubated with graded doses (0, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 μg/ml) of Algamune^? and purified paramylon to gauge their ability to elicit the production of reactive oxygen species. A linear response was observed for extracellular superoxide anion for both sources but only Algamune^? for intracellular superoxide anion. After corroborating the immunostimulant properties ex vivo, a feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the dietary supplementation of Algamune^? (0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of diet) for Nile tilapia. Fish were fed for 3 weeks, after which, fish were sampled for blood and head kidney phagocytes. The remaining fish were challenged with Streptococcus iniae. Macrophage extracellular superoxide anion production was significantly elevated in fish fed diets with 200 mg of Algamune^? kg^?1 when compared to fish fed the basal diet. Even though the disease challenge did not show statistical differences, it is worth mentioning that fish fed intermediate doses of Algamune^? had lowest numerical mortality values. Therefore, Algamune^? was demonstrated to enhance some immunological responses of tilapia both in ex vivo and in vivo.     

厦门海域一次冬季血红哈卡藻赤潮的初步分析

本文根据2009年1—2月厦门海域一次冬季血红哈卡藻赤潮的调查数据,分析本次赤潮的变化特点,并对血红哈卡藻与环境因子的关系进行初步分析。结果表明:本次赤潮是厦门海域有记载的赤潮中,发生时间最早、持续时间最长的赤潮。赤潮中血红哈卡藻比中肋条藻更具竞争优势,对水温变化的适应性很强。盐度对血红哈卡藻的繁殖具有刺激作用。在无机磷限制环境中,血红哈卡藻更具竞争优势,而无机氮含量高有利于血红哈卡藻的生长。     

采用L_9(3~4)正交设计方法筛选血耳菌丝体液体培养基

采用正交设计方法以血耳Tremella sanguinea菌丝体的生物量为测量指标,对血耳菌丝体液体培养基进行了筛选,结果表明血耳菌丝体液体培养的最适培养基为蔗糖7.5g·L-1、麦芽糖7.5g·L-1、麦麸7.5g·L-1、牛肉膏3.5g·L-1、MgSO4·7H2O0.5g·L-1、KH2PO41.5g·L-1、VBl4mg·L-1,pH自然。28℃培养96h,其生物量可达4.29g·L-1。     

光照对纤细裸藻生长及光合色素含量影响的研究

为探讨光照对纤细裸藻的生长以及光合色素含量的影响,将纤细裸藻分别置于不同光照度(0、1500、3000、4500、6000 lx)、光照周期(16L∶8D、14L∶10D、12L∶12D、10L∶14D、8L∶16D)、光质(绿光495~530 nm、蓝光450~480 nm、红光615~650 nm、白光450~465 nm、黄光580~595 nm)条件下于恒温光照培养箱中静置培养,进行细胞密度以及色素含量的测定。试验结果显示,光照度、光照周期和光质对纤细裸藻生长及光合色素质量浓度有显著影响( P <0.05)。光照度1500、3000、4500 lx对纤细裸藻的生长均有积极作用,其中3000 lx光照度作用最为显著,细胞生长状态良好,光合色素质量浓度也高于1500、4500 lx;光照周期16L∶8D、14L∶10D和12L∶12D对纤细裸藻的生长有促进作用,其中14L∶10D组生长状况和光合色素质量浓度均优于其他处理组,8L∶16D组使纤细裸藻的生长受到抑制,其色素质量浓度也显著低于其他处理组( P <0.05);蓝光与白光组对纤细裸藻生长有显著促进作用( P <0.05),蓝光条件下色素质量浓度达到最高,更利于光合色素的积累。试验结果表明,适宜纤细裸藻生长及光合色素积累的光照条件为:光照度3000 lx,光照周期14L∶10D,蓝光培养。     

不同含水量对溪荪鸢尾种子保存效果的影响

[目的]研究不同含水量对溪荪鸢尾种子保存效果的影响.[方法]以寒地特色野生种溪荪鸢尾种子为材料,通过硅胶干燥法获得不同含水量的种子,在液氮中保存24h后,采用水浴化冻、自来水水冲化冻和室温化冻3种化冻方式,检测不同条件下种子发芽率来检验保存效果.[结果]种子含水量为5.4％ ～7.2％时的干燥处理显著提高了种子发芽率,但含水量降到3.2％时会降低种子发芽率;种子含水量为7.2％时超低温保存后萌发率会显著提高,水浴化冻最适.[结论]最佳种子含水量为7.2％,保存后萌发率高达98.70％.     

诱发三都湾海域赤潮的原因探讨

2012年4月23日三都湾海域爆发赤潮,爆发时间长达16d,主要是由血红哈卡藻(Akashiwo san-guinea)为优势藻种引起的。本文通过对三都湾海域大黄鱼种质资源养殖基地的海水进行分析,来探讨此次赤潮的原因。结果发现,在发生赤潮前期水温急剧上升,从11.80℃升至21.20℃,赤潮发生时的水温维持在16.40～21.20℃之间;盐度呈现下降状态,从25.12‰降至23.30‰;pH呈现明显上升状态,从8.03升至8.25;营养状态指数E值维持在1.6～9.2之间,长期属于富营养化状态。本研究结果表明,本次赤潮发生与水温、盐度、pH以及水体富营养化等密切相关。     

Epidemiological evidence that vegetatively propagated, solanaceous plant species act as sources of Potato spindle tuber viroid inoculum for tomato

In autumn 2006 in the Netherlands, Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) infections were detected in 42·3 and 71·9% of professionally grown lots of Brugmansia spp. and Solanum jasminoides respectively. The infected lots contained 73 985 and 431 374 plants, respectively, demonstrating the presence of many potential viroid sources for tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ). PSTVd was identified in cultivars of Brugmansia × candida , B. × flava , B. sanguinea , B. suaveolens and unspecified Brugmansia species/cultivars. Most infected lots of Brugmansia spp. originated from a single Dutch nursery; most infected lots of S. jasminoides originated abroad. Sequence analysis revealed that the PSTVd genomes from Brugmansia spp. contained an average of 360 nt, whereas all genomes from S. jasminoides except one consisted of 357 nt. Furthermore, the collective PSTVd genotypes showed polymorphism at four or more positions, except for two cases in which genotypes from Brugmansia spp. and S. jasminoides were identical. Phylogenetic studies showed that PSTVd genotypes from Brugmansia spp. and S. jasminoides grouped apart from each other and from PSTVd isolates from potato ( Solanum tuberosum ) and Physalis peruviana . The PSTVd genotypes from tomato did not form a separate cluster, but were dispersed over clusters of vegetatively or partly vegetatively propagated plant species, i.e. potato, P. peruviana and S. jasminoides . Moreover, mechanical inoculation of the predominant PSTVd genotypes from S. jasminoides to tomato was successful. These results provide evidence that vegetatively propagated, solanaceous plant species have been sources of infection for tomato crops in the past.